基于棱柱式空间阵列结构的四维加速度传感器研究

Research on four-axis acceleration sensor based on prismatic spatial array structure

摘要:

全面监测井下随钻过程的振动信息是钻井工程领域的重要研究课题。组合式加速度空间阵列传感器由于本身结构特性及解耦原理可以测量钻杆实际旋转中心处的振动信息，但测量精度较低、解耦算法的普适性较差、且无法定位旋转中心，难以满足井下随钻过程的振动测量需求。本文设计了一种n棱柱式3n(n≥3)轴加速度传感器阵列模型，将传感器个数n引入解耦算法，可根据钻杆内外径的不同尺寸改变n的取值，借助Matlab推导旋转中心定位算法，并利用Ansys仿真软件模拟了在给定振动条件下钻杆横截面上的加速度分布，以分析该四维加速度传感器的测量误差和旋转中心的定位误差。结果表明设计的四维加速度传感器阵列模型线加速度平均测量误差为0.17%，角加速度测量误差为0.01%，定位误差为0.73%，为油气领域随钻测量与传感器阵列设计提供了借鉴。

Abstract:

The comprehensive monitoring of downhole vibration information during drilling is an important research topic in drilling engineering. Due to its structural characteristics and decoupling principle, the combined acceleration spatial array sensor can measure the vibration information at the actual rotation center of the drill pipe, but the measurement accuracy is low, the universality of the decoupling algorithm is poor, and the rotation center cannot be located, so it is difficult to meet the vibration measurement requirements during downhole drilling. In this paper, an n-prismatic 3n(n≥3) axis acceleration sensor array model is designed, the number of sensors n is introduced into the decoupling algorithm, and the value of n can be changed according to different dimensions of the internal and external diameter of the drill pipe. The rotation center positioning algorithm is derived by Matlab, and the acceleration distribution on the cross section of the drill pipe under given vibration conditions is simulated by Ansys simulation software. The results show that the average linear acceleration measurement error is 0.17%, the angular acceleration measurement error is 0.01%, and the positioning error is 0.73%, which provides a reference for MWD and sensor array design in oil and gas field.