CO2连续激光加工CFRP的能量传递规律研究

Study on Energy Transfer Law of CFRP Processed by CO2 Continuous Laser

摘要:

针对CO2 连续激光加工碳纤维复合材料（Carbon fiber reinforced polymer, CFRP）工艺质量的问题，提出了不同实验条件下单因素实验方法，进行了理论分析和实验验证，得到了激光功率和扫描速度对材料内部能量累积的影响规律，并对 CFRP 进行点射试验和图案切割试验。点射试验结果表明，当离焦量确定为 6 mm 时，激光光斑平均直径达到最小值1396.94 μm，此时激光加工效果最佳。图案切割试验发现，设定扫描速度不变时，能量的累积随着功率的增加呈现出先增大后减小的规律，并在功率为 40 W 时达到最大值 4077.35 μm；当功率不变时，扫描速度降低，能量累积减小至最小值 767.10 μm。经测量表面粗糙度后发现，功率是激光能量影响材料表面结构的主要因素。进行多次切割试验中，材料内部的能量累积随着加工次数的增加而增加。本研究的理论与试验为连续激光加工 CFRP 材料工艺提供指导。

Abstract:

The issues related to the quality of the CO2 continuous laser processing of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials were addressed by applying a single-factor experimental method under different experimental conditions. Theoretical analysis and experimental validation were conducted to understand the influence of laser power and scanning speed on the accumulation of energy within the material. Point laser drilling tests and pattern cutting tests were carried out on CFRP. The results of the point laser drilling test showed that when the defocus distance was set to 6 mm, the average laser spot diameter reached its minimum value of 1396.94 μm, at which point the laser processing effect was optimal. The pattern cutting test revealed that, for a constant scanning speed, the energy accumulation first increased and then decreased with the increase in power, reaching its maximum value of 4077.35 μm at a power of 40 W. When the power was held constant, reducing the scanning speed led to a decrease in energy accumulation to a minimum value of 767.10 μm. After measuring the surface roughness, it was found that power is the main factor influencing the surface structure of the material through laser energy. In multiple cutting tests, the energy accumulation within the material increased with the number of processing cycles. This study provides both theoretical and experimental guidance for the continuous laser processing of CFRP materials.